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Multiagency support for Triad
Triad is a Federal/State Interagency Partnership


Reading Room

Selected Triad-related publications of special interest.

The Reading Room contains Triad-related publications of special interest. For a more complete list of general resources, please visit the Reference Documents/Internet Resources section.

  • Triad Saves $109K on Three Petroleum Sites. EPA CleanupNewsII Sept 2005 newsletter article entitled "Triad Saves $109K on Three Petroleum Sites."
     Triad Saves $109K on Three Petroleum Sites (104 KB)


  • Triad Speeds Cleanup of Lead-Contaminated Firing Range Soil. EPA CleanupNews March 2006 newsletter article entitled "Triad Speeds Cleanup of Lead-Contaminated Firing Range Soil."
     Triad Speeds Cleanup of Lead-Contaminated Firing Range Soil (328 KB)


  • Performance Based Criteria: A Panel Discussion. Scanned copy of a 2-part article entitled "Performance-Based Criteria: A Panel Discussion", which was published in the trade magazine Environmental Lab, Oct/Nov 1991 issue. The article captures discussion by EPA and other experts concerned over the quality of sampling procedures and the effects of sample heterogeneity.
     Performance Based Criteria: A Panel Discussion (3.9 MB)


  • Managing Decision Uncertainty. Article excerpted from the "Conference Connection 2005" newsletter summarizing highlights of the The Annual Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water, held at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The article reports on the 1-day Triad workshop offered at the 2004 conference.
      Managing Decision Uncertainty (289 KB)


  • A Study of Managing Decision Uncertainties using the Triad Approach. In the fall of 2004, the South Dakota Petroleum Release Compensation Fund conducted a study to evaluate and report on the effectiveness of using the Triad approach to manage decision uncertainties as they pertain to petroleum release sites across South Dakota. Five sites were chosen for the study which included three active gas stations, one closed gas station, and a railroad fueling site. The goal of the study was to apply the principals of the Triad in order to rapidly characterize the sites, develop accurate conceptual site models, establish clear cleanup goals, and move the languishing sites toward regulatory closure as rapidly as possible. Results of the study suggest that the Triad approach reduced the overall data collection costs by increasing the amount of data for every dollar spent. In addition, the Triad expedited work schedules by allowing stakeholders to establish goals and objectives prior to work initiation, and allowing for flexible work plans based on the data collected on site.
      A Study of Managing Decision Uncertainties using the Triad Approach (2.25MB)


  • Triad Case Study: Former Small Arms Training Range. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) used the Triad approach to expedite site characterization of contaminated soil at the Former Small Arms Evergreen Infiltration Training Range in Fort Lewis, Washington. A dynamic sampling and analytical strategy based on rapid field based analytical methods was created in order to streamline site activities and save resources while increasing confidence in remediation decisions. Concurrent analysis of soil samples during the Demonstration of Method Applicability used both field portable X-ray Fluorescence (FPXRF) and laboratory methodologies to establish a correlation between FPXRF and laboratory data. The combined data set provided analytical results that allowed for revisions to the conceptual site model for the range and directed additional sample collection activities to more clearly determine the extent and distribution of soil contamination. This is a preprint of an article published in Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 79-87, 2004. The published reprint is available through http://www.interscience.Wiley.com/.
     Triad Case Study: Former Small Arms Training Range (201 KB)


  • Triad Case Study: Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Triad approach provided an ideal framework for optimizing the use of the Navy Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) during a volatile organic compound (VOC) source investigation at Installation Restoration Site 1114 at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. Implementation of the Triad approach for this investigation provided an expedited high-density data set and a refined Conceptual Site Model (CSM) in real time that resulted in cost savings estimated at $2.5 M and reduction of the site characterization and cleanup schedule by approximately 3 years. This project demonstrates how EPA's Triad approach can be applied to streamline the site characterization and cleanup process while appropriately managing decision uncertainty in support of defensible site decisions. This is a preprint of an article published in Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 57-68, 2004. The published reprint is available through http://www.interscience.Wiley.com/.
     Triad Case Study: Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (1.42 MB)


  • Triad Case Study: Rattlesnake Creek. Rattlesnake Creek provides an example of how the Triad was applied to radionuclide and heavy metal contamination in sediments. This is a preprint of an article published in Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 69-77, 2004. The published reprint is available through http://www.interscience.Wiley.com/.
     Triad Case Study: Rattlesnake Creek (181 KB)

  • A Data Integration Framework to Support Triad Projects. Because of the wide variety of decisions faced by site cleanup professionals, a constructive data quality framework must anchor data quality assessment in the specific needs of the decision-making process. This paper explores such a framework. This is a preprint of an article published in Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 21-37, 2004. The published reprint is available through http://www.interscience.Wiley.com/.
     A Data Integration Framework to Support Triad Projects (176 KB)

  • The Triad Approach: A Catalyst for Maturing Remediation Practice. The Triad approach is well placed to catalyze maturation of the remediation field because it emphasizes 1) a central theme of managing decision uncertainty, 2) unambiguous technical communications, 3) shortened project lifecycles and multidisciplinary interactions that rapidly build professional expertise, and provide feedback to test and perfect programmatic and field practices, and 4) concepts from "softer" sciences (such as economics, cognitive psychology, and decision theory) to capture important human factors. Triad pushes the cleanup industry toward an integrated, practical, second-generation paradigm that can successfully manage the complexities of today’s cleanup projects. This is a preprint of an article published in Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 3-19, 2004. The published reprint is available through http://www.interscience.Wiley.com/.
     A Catalyst for Maturing Remediation Practice (125 KB)


  • The Triad Approach to Managing the Uncertainty in Environmental Data. This article, published in The 20th Annual National Environmental Monitoring Conference Proceedings discusses the importance of conceptual site models and data representativeness when addressing environmental decision-making uncertainty.
     Crumbling NEMC 2004 Proceedings (448 KB)

  • Technology News and Trends. July 2004 issue of EPA's Technology News and Trends is dedicated to the Triad.
    PDF Triad Technology News and Trends - July 2004 Issue (801 KB)


  • A Glucose Tolerance Test And The Environmental Restoration Program. An article by Jim Holley that appeared in the July 2004 issue of the Air Force's Civil Engineering-Environmental News Network.
    PDF A Glucose Tolerance Test And The Environmental Restoration Program (19 KB)


  • Facilitating Brownfields Transactions Using Triad and Environmental Insurance. This article, published in the Spring 2003 Remediation journal through a collaboration between Marsh Insurance and the New Jersey Institute of Technology, describes a case example where the Triad approach managed residual uncertainty about the extent of contamination at a Brownfields redevelopment property. Triad improved confidence in the conceptual site model (CSM) so that uncertainty about the costs and effectiveness of remediation were greatly reduced. This in turn significantly lowered the cost of the cleanup cost cap insurance policy.
    PDF Facilitating Brownfields Transactions Using Triad and Environmental Insurance (132 KB)




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